A year ago, Tan Zuoren wrote this article; year later, he of hometown of Beichuan disasters
Tan Zuoren
I would like to guilty, not guilty you dedicate 5.12 mm
dedicated to the children of the earthquake victims
one great misfortune of Beichuan sorrow
For the North River, I am a sinner.
two years ago, the North River intellectuals kind invitation to the North River, to help plan Yu in red tourism cultural tourism and also inspect the construction of power plants and bamboo, Ping Xuan Dam power plant officials and the public debate. I the face of thousands under the rubble of Beichuan Middle School should not wither creatures, I do not have remorse. I vowed to use the pen for them to seek justice. But two months ago, I can not write a word, I eat their words , dishonest. I am a sinner in Beichuan.
not make me no matter what the excuse acquittal. North River, in the face of your century disaster, facing the back of your history, I can only deeply regret. I want my the endless lament for you, also dedicated to my self-righteous do not repent of the Han Chinese brothers.
mountains towering gantry, please prove: my speech, from the facts; my confession, from sincere.
every place, there is a history of disasters; and disaster history of the North River, buried history of a bear.
Kitagawa, hometown and the ancient town as Yu, the great catastrophe experienced two disasters, and therefore triggered twice the population crisis. a civil war in 1935, Red Baier Jun fierce battle the whole 100 days of Beichuan, after the total population of the North River dropped from 4.6 million to 2.5 million, the county all temples destroyed the village streets. Another is the 5.12 earthquake in Beichuan. the disaster, leading to nearly 40,000 in Beichuan county lost more than half the total population, the survivors are less than 0.6 million people registered. In particular, those tragic, Beichuan only casualties in the thousands of students, aged 3 to 17 years children almost out of stock, in fact, unprecedented human disaster!
in these major catastrophe, how many natural disasters, many man-made, its own history of note. based on facts and judgments, abandon preconceived value judgments, let us Review of history to see Beichuan County, the great catastrophe of the whole process twice in order to clarify the historical responsibility to future generations to leave the experience and lessons of history.
a history who is a responsible man-made disasters
1935 �� 1 month, fled the base of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi Central Red Army in Guizhou Zunyi Conference was held to determine the million troops have been less electricity so that the Central Red Army squad of thousands of Red Fourth Army Fourth Army commander tao electrical connection, then gave up the business for many years in the Sichuan-Shaanxi broad base, leaving Tongnanba, north west team in April 12, 1935 by the Jiangyou Gan River (Yuan Wangdong) into Beichuan County environment.
the Red Army after their entry, side to intercept the 14 million Sichuan army pursuit, hastily arranged last 73 days of the Thousand Buddha Mountain (Tumen) campaign; side of the local tyrants and points of land, mobilize the masses supporting the front of Beichuan. Red Fourth Army in the North initiated ethnic equality, ethnic regional autonomy policy, the creation of the Chinese Soviet Yu Lisuweiai Rural Northwest Federal Government (Governance City) shortly after the Red Army in the Aba and Ganzi sand were the People's Republic was established Spengler, Boba People's Republic, that is, effectiveness in the establishment of and transportation and battlefield army rescue team, the county is almost all young adults into battle, and actively expand the red with red, made great contributions to the war.
1935 �� 6 12, the Fourth Army completed attract Sichuan army, blocking Sichuan army, covering the Central Red Army force a strategic task of the Dadu River, over the Keung Shan, Gong Mao and the Central Red Army joined forces in late May .6, the Red Army began to leave the territory of the North River. In Beichuan children, with the Red Army embarked on the Long March, most of whom never came back .1953, the North River as .
Red Army retreated, to prevent Sichuan army pursued the implementation of invading along the way, set fire to all take away food, burning all bridges and streets. Shiniu mountain, was built in the Tang Dynasty, the Millennium Yu Temple, also destroyed by fire being. Kwai River within the county, Pass, and consistent Ling, all dams, open bar, a small dam, mouth pieces, peach Lung, Yu, the pier, the dam end of the first temple bar, the manger, even white, Ma Wo , blue chip and other 17 streets and villages, all were burnt, causing more than 6,000 within the market town of 1,260 residents and farmers, a total of 10,000 people without food to eat, homeless.
pursuit of Sichuan army followed after entry vigorously engaged in retaliation, killing, where expenditure red workers, activists were killed, a few days when the Soviet cadres is exterminate the whole family, into the woods. January, less than the territory of more than 2,000 people in Beichuan were killed. Large After the massacre, plague, famine followed, epidemic, resulting in population decline of several half of Beichuan, some affluent areas to become no man's land. Kuomintang, said Fung Hong of Beichuan County: North River from the bandits were after, but also suffer the ravages of war, the loss is huge, is impossible to account. Along the quiet road off sparsely, that is, the portrayal here.
1935 �� 12 April to 23 July, the Red Army presence hundred days, resulting in refractory Beichuan years. Later, General Wei traditional singing: evidence, the North Chuannu force for over 50 years, until 2003, it became the last of a minority autonomous county.
Buddha Quanshan battlefield site is now clearly visible, destroyed the temple and village sites vivid Yu, was the Red Army from carving and White Army was destroyed in the Ming Dynasty Gou Mountain chiseled monument mountain peak, especially since memory (also known as Yu monument, a large Yugong De monument. 700 Kedou Wen original monument, only the remaining 25 characters) as the Longmen disaster of 1935 made history testimony. < br> Second, the North River Elegy
should not have happened in Beichuan, Sichuan is located in the middle of Longmen Mountains northwest of the south central area of heavy rain is Longmen. county area 2869.18KM2, of which mountainous area 2834.73KM2, accounting for link with a total area of 98.8%. District the only blue-chip junction of River and Baicaohe openings River (Jian Jiang, Fu River right bank tributaries, hydropower development has been planned 20) have a small valley basin, nearly all of the mountains. in the Longmen Shan fault zone in North River is the main central Longmen Shan fault zone mm Yingxiu Beichuan fault (about 320KM) the starting point, there had been 6.2 earthquake in 1958, has always been set to the earthquake fault zone �� minimum security area. Qushan new county of Beichuan River fed up with pagodas in the town of flood openings above the city along the layout, with a total area of only 1.6 square kilometers. Seventeen rural county under the jurisdiction of three towns, inhabited by the Qiang, Han, Tibetan, Hui and other seventeen people, the total population of 16.06 million people. Among them, the Native Qiang 9.1 million, 56.7% of the total population, as the only Qiang Autonomous County.
within the beautiful mountains of Beichuan, a good ecological environment, abundant natural and human tourism resources. In addition to the North River were Hometown proud Yu, Qiang culture, old revolutionary base areas, there are giant pandas, golden monkeys and other diverse wildlife resources, and Yuanwang Dong, Thousand Buddha Mountain, Xiaozhaizigou, Longmen standard Devonian strata profile of tourism resources such as high-grade, suitable for diverse experiences based integrated development of tourist products.
Nevertheless, history has opened in Beichuan joke. Beichuan good simple people do not wait until the big Yu Rongguang the light, wait until the Red Army did not repay the favor, do not enjoy the fruits of modern civilization, there is no economic development of mountain ecosystems looked forward to a good time to be bailing can not escape natural disasters, broken way out, broken dreams.
tragedy of Beichuan, the county seat moved from the beginning .
1950 �� 1 month, then the Red Army, now the People's Liberation Army, returned to the city of Beichuan mm rule, completed a 15-year appointment. At that time the county government for military control and security, starting in 1951 Qu building in Beichuan County to the security of the North Town Road (later extended to North Mau road) .1952 on Highway marble, Mianyang, closer to the county government had to give up one thousand three hundred and seventy four years old, located in the North River valley, the terrain is relatively wide flat rule city has set aside in the ex Yu on own people, in the year in September to relocate the county seat is only 79 320 people, surrounded by the mountain terrain of a narrow face water song mountain town (located in the narrow valley gorge port, the ancient mountain music set off) for the 2008 earthquake in Beichuan, a city default crash death trap.
from the county seat moved, the local spread of the In Folk Legends .1958 February 8, North River 6.2 earthquake occurred in Di (micro-epicenter for the term of the present Red Shifang town of Gold River), Great Leap Forward, the political situation at the time, no one knows the earthquake damage and casualties .1959 years, some local cadres to move back to the city government's motion is not approved on February 8 .1961 Beichuan 4.7 earthquake from happening again, casualties unknown. So since 1959, it was proposed to continue to move back to the county town government site, but unfortunately were rejected, resulting in a number of Beichuan people lost the opportunity of escape.
Longmen Shan fault zone, seismic activity is frequent in the active fault zone since 1169 to have a destructive earthquake occurred more than 5.0 26 (6.0 and above 20), with an average of 32 years / time. Tangshan earthquake before, away from the North River less than 200KM radius, have occurred in 1933 in Wenchuan Diexi magnitude 7.5 in 1958, Shifang Gold River 6.2, 1970 Dayi 6.3 magnitude earthquake and other earthquakes, have occurred in the late seventies Song Pan Pingwu 7.2 1976 earthquake swarm in 1977 Maowen 4.2 earthquake, 5.4 earthquake in 1978, Blackwater, 1978 Qionglai 4.4 earthquake, 1981 Pengzhou Tai Po 4.5 earthquake in 1999 Mianzhu Hanwang 5.0 earthquake swarm, and so on. The earthquake affected Beichuan, causing Beichuan panic, required to move the city is growing. Beichuan county government, many times to higher levels of government to fight the report, City proposed to move the motion. Beichuan investigation after many experts also think that the Beichuan County is located in the central Longmen main fault seismic zone, the county surrounding steep terrain, dense points of geological disasters, disasters great body, very dangerous.
1986 ��to 1987, many of Beichuan, Mianyang City, the Geological Society of experts invited to visit, survey and demonstrates the need to move the city. because of some Italian experts insisted on adhering to relocation costs, the city moved the motion be set aside In 1988, the North River had just been applied for decades, hopeless, North Sichuan people had to think of ways to spot. From 90 onwards, the administrative center of Beichuan county began to move Jian Mao dam across the river, leaving the old city area schools, hospitals, residential and commercial streets. To prevent regular roll Wang Shi old rock down the mountain the event of major disaster, were carried out Zhilv slope, piling support, blocking stone Bolkan Danger measures and other projects, but frequent small earthquakes occurred in the rainy season in particular, small earthquakes, leading to the mountains or the Rolling Stones flying stone street, wounding occurs. Beichuan to do nothing to escape from the active, low-built house from the scary to the thinking of hemp, and finally escape no escape, waiting for death door, so to perfect the synthesis of natural disasters.
2008 ��May 12, unfortunately, who watched the North River for many years the legend of Jian Jiang, the overall direction of translation more than 200 meters, patron of music consumed Hill Street, burying almost the entire old city. the Old City area, few people escape. Mau dam side of the new urban landscape Jiashan a large area of the mountain collapsed, collapse the body 300 Articles pound is located in the , including the county government, including a large number of buildings collapsed, causing heavy casualties.
5.12 day meeting is to Mianyang, Beichuan county party secretary Song knew the Beichuan was making dumplings. Song Shuji back to Beichuan, the original people of the county public security bureau 144, only 47 survive; County Detention Center 42 soldiers and 35 prisoners were buried; and 160 county hospitals, only 4. Beichuan, however heroic people, cadres and the masses as one, unity, self-help. In the afternoon, sending five batches of personnel in distress, still can not wait for the case of Mianyang, the official relief to only have less than 1 / 3 of the cadres of the North River County four groups, led more than 2,000 people survived the implementation of the emergency transfer of self-help and security.
22KM away from the new county seat of Beichuan's original old town of Beichuan town government (Yu-ri), except in the 5.12 earthquake was subjected to Tangjiashan barrier lake PRELIMINARY Lake flooded, the Housing construction is relatively small loss, the safety of the transfer.
Beichuan County crash proved, once errors are found, must be corrected as soon as possible, so as not to lead to disaster. Even the legacy of the previous generation historical error, it should be someone responsible, it was corrected. if not corrected, not as bound to lead to accidents, disasters will come to place greater reality.
know disaster is not a refuge, resulting in an instant gone home video, Castle Peak night white head, which is man-made or natural disasters?
Third, the scourge of disaster in the disaster in the human tragedy of the disaster
is among the natural disasters, man-made ambush.
a mistake, you can make; an error can be corrected; a series of errors constitute a causal chain, will lead to disaster, disaster. It is based on this understanding, after returning from the North River, May 19 In an interview with Sichuan earthquake is more than man-made disaster started two days, I always thought was the hardest-hit Wenchuan disaster .5 14 I went to the Wenchuan driving, but was resistance in the Dujiangyan. In Dujiangyan city, I found that damage to buildings, the most serious damage , collapse the most radical, even the school premises! these completely collapsed school buildings, and the surrounding part of the collapsed or partially damaged or intact residential areas, in sharp contrast! the contrast of the large, want to turn a blind eye can not. < br> 5 16, in the Town of Beichuan County, music, facing the crushing collapse of Beichuan Middle School's main teaching building, the overall decline in new two-classroom building, laboratory building section collapsed, more than ten meters away from the main building is in good condition destructive of the old school building built in the 70 mm and reported as two, three years ago the old dilapidated building, and not far from the teachers quarters slightly damaged, I am completely speechless. The fact that evidence. the facts better than evidence.
North River is an earthquake prone area. Here, in north people know that there can not avoid the disaster coming, hide no place to hide, keep track of. Beichuan not reach the majority of buildings intensity repairable, rare earthquake not down, down but not collapsed, , not reinforced, resulting in an earthquake occurs, the collapse of large areas of housing, or crushing collapse, causing heavy casualties, especially in young children and school students a large number of casualties, this is not a man-made, what is?
terrible natural disasters, but also can not be countered ; man-made but it is hateful, hateful, shameful, despicable, more poor victims of natural disasters mm man-made to become victimizers, including the common victims, including unnecessary.
in Beichuan, one of the Beichuan Middle School teachers is dead to me softly tells parents: yes. of parents described in detail in the 96 ~ 98 when the main teaching building construction br> I accidentally the development of events: the official also acknowledged that school shabby start problem, and promised to seriously track down, then who are all denied, not only the use of propaganda to confuse right and wrong, even the use of repressive state machinery to suppress for justice for children parents who raised the question some time ago arrested punished people (including my friend, Mr. Liu Shaokun and Huang Qi). Maybe some people really think that using high pressure pressing, set an example, unable to pronounce the voice of victims to cover up the crime can be in the past.
I would like to ask: When individuals rise to the accountability of schools shabby and criminals stand? not want to show that China's legislation is not to judicial enforcement of social justice, but only for those in power service? not want to show that China now is only the power to build, not responsible; only crime, no rule of law; only political parties, not people; only bayonets, there is no special social speech?
who is resisting the democratic rule of law, should G problems, dig the country money, the suspect fled the responsibility, to play cards the government, do your own business, is actually put into a man-made natural disasters and man-made artificially expanded the number of times again. This social nature the government agencies, can not evade responsibility. I think that the people at all levels of government, owes the world a truth, lack of an accountable society, but also due to all the earthquake victims of a son. aside the issue whether earthquake prediction at least the following questions, the Government has a responsibility to tell people: 1) the construction of large reservoirs in seismic belt of the geological environment and safety issues; 2), seismic fortification standards put in place civil issues; 3), schools, hospitals public oversight and other public buildings, earthquake fortification, building classifications and construction standards.
problems in school, I was silent for two months, is not afraid to write, but Beichuan, said Mr. Tang Shilin We have had promises. Now, I want to re-hold it supremely even pick up a pen to the pen mm die, I no regrets.
Please Longmenshan testify.
four Keung Shan silent cheating the system
no doubt that the earthquake was not a direct result of the earthquake casualties, but the building. quake could cause houses to collapse, resulting in casualties. qualified earthquake resistant buildings, a small loss of life; failure of earthquake resistant buildings, more casualties more. If the town site is unreasonable, if the failure of public buildings, and even jerry shabby, if there is no reasonable system of earthquake disaster reduction and pre-qualified three mechanisms (forecasting, prediction, prevention), a large building when the earthquake area of collapse, causing a large number of casualties is inevitable thing.
5.12 earthquake, Wenchuan and Beichuan can be used as a model for two different regions, to study the real causes of natural disasters. Over the years, also known as the Wenchuan Yu hometown, but the Wenchuan as the �� minimum security zone earthquake in Beichuan County, has more than 100 km from the epicenter, is more than 70% of the houses collapsed, more than 50% casualties. did not know such a strong contrast, the Department is not certain who invented and adhere to the guiding ideology, Less than fortification, particularly in public buildings is so; (3) North River some public buildings, especially the quality of school buildings have serious problems, some are shabby, at least so Beichuan Middle School. These basic facts should be negative to the whole society was responsibility to.
these basic facts, through the conscience of the majority of domestic public media from the things.
early as December 30, 1999, seismic zone, earthquake zone and the Anning River Longmenshan seismic belt, and to Wenchuan, Beichuan, Qingchuan prevention as a key monitoring areas. The planning ten years ago, has the next 20 years in the tri-state area may be destructive earthquake occurred many times to make a more accurate long-term forecasts, and established the year, quarter, month, ten days, weeks, and internal reporting system in consultation with forecasts. In recent years, both within and outside the system, the medium-term earthquake prediction on the short-impending prediction and information as many as dozens. But since there are projections, why not forecast and prevent it?
1998 �� 12 17, by the State Council issued the medium-term forecast, issued by the State Council. : earthquake prediction, forecasting and prevention, are two different powers, the first power belongs to the professional functions, and the second power belongs to the public administration. The institutional arrangements under a huge hidden ambush is: Even if the professional departments have science forecasts, nor unauthorized release, but should be subordinated to public power sector, non-scientific factors in the decision-making. Sometimes these public decision-making, particularly the small probability of unexpected events should occur in a big hurry (such as natural disasters, community events, accidents, etc.), to live can not the people. this arrangement may result in pre-and unexpected, rather than measuring reported, reported without defense, without force against the serious consequences of a major earthquake occurred .5.12, is one of typical cases.
5.12 before the earthquake, according to Zipingpu Reservoir after 04-05 years detected 735 earthquakes recorded (unpublished two years), the reservoir and the Sichuan earthquake earthquake administration The earthquake has made the accurate medium-term or even short-term prediction. but because of the lack of magnitude estimates (reported to be 5.0 ~ 5.5) and became a technical error. resulted in the decision-making departments underestimate the errors underestimated the consequences of the earthquake, resulting in the non-fat early-warning decision-making mistakes, which led to serious social consequences. see the current .
the bane of man-made, not people, but what is the system is not perfect and the mechanism is unreasonable. system flaw led to the man-made, so that victims and perpetrators, both officials and the public together to become victims. the Chinese system trap, has become the biggest bottleneck in the development, the offside trap to public power, public policy dislocation, absence of public oversight, public interests, the various public buildings are not subject to oversight and shoddy and corruption, as against public the safety of dangerous goods.
natural disasters and man-made calamities in the conspiracy, a murdered child in Beichuan in China's two knives; before a knife can hurt; then a man-made disasters of the knife, is the real deadly.
this everything, like a satire and should not occur in Yu hometown. Keung Shan silent.
V. Yu Beichuan students can be as conclusive
Yu, one of the Chinese human ancestor, Yan Huang, a Chinese civilization later founder. According to Historical Records, flood control, and rejuvenating the country, creating Jiuzhou, unified China, the first unified Chinese nation is the founder of dynasty.
Han Yang Xiong, Beichuan County, New Village, Shi Yu Shi Township, New Hill, is the birth place of Yu. Since ancient times, Stone Mountain New Zealand is considered a sacred place, not within a hundred mile radius of farming or living. Even if the crime were sneak in, and shall not enter the official arrest, three years after this Qianxiu be forgiven. Yu Township, the point has not been allocated Yu ditch, cut open child floors, wash the children pool, hope Chongshan (Yu parent Gun, No. Chong Pak) , Yu Temple, Gou Mountain mountain peak Monument (Monument of Yu Gong), sites, is the Longmen Mountains as Minshan Jian water, Minshan guide Jiang, Da Tung Do not, water and prosperous, pesticides Hennessy, its early activities, in Beichuan, Wenchuan, Dujiangyan ancient Munsan County places, and in the formation of a hometown Yu cultural zone. Xiachuan Zai, home world. Since the beginning of the Xia and Shang, Yu to people Learning the history of the West Hing process. so also the sage Confucius of Confucianism as a catholic to positive Yu, impeccable perfect, Chan said: Yu, seamless then I carry on. Baoqin, the sovereignty of human rights than authoritarian nationalism and cultural populism replaced the feudal autocracy > built in Beichuan County, eight in the Tang Dynasty (AD 634) to Yu stone monuments in New Zealand and Oasis from each of the word, composed of Shiquan County (634 ~ 1914), the city was in the governance of the city (in 1992 renamed Yu ), called the old town of Beichuan, one thousand three hundred and seventy years have elapsed since the historic (if Zhou Jian County dollars, when the one thousand four hundred and forty years). Tang Dynasty from the county when the county built a mile southeast of the stone Yu Temple in New York built a mountain, as one of the earliest .1935 Yu Temple, the Stone Temple New York, because of man-made mountain and engulfed Yu (2002 reconstruction), resulting in activities of traditional folk festival was forced to go to Yu Yu Yu Mizoguchi palace temple (built in the Qianlong, was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, 1994 reconstruction). Beichuan and June sixth days of spring and autumn each year birthday Yu, Yu Festival activities are to be held every year continues, has continued. Yu Chong Yu in the wind of the Millennium we do not, the territory of the North River in addition to Yu Yu Outside the temple built in the old town, Yu hole, mouth piece, the end dam, mountain music, openings, Chenjiaba other places, but also built the temple or Yu Yu palace, passing Yu Hometown long history and cultural heritage. So Beichuan, and the people pure and honest and simple, hard-working good people.
years, Yu hometown of Beichuan County, representing the old, small, side, four blocks of the poor (the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas Chief marginal areas, poor areas) .1935 northwest of the Red Army initiated the federal government in the regional ethnic autonomy, the first autonomous policy, the first Yu Lisuweiai Township. But after 50 years of continuous efforts, the North River was in July 2003, approved the establishment of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, the National Minority Autonomous County, the last one, the only Qiang Autonomous County, caught the last train to the Ethnic Autonomous County. only this, reflecting the traditional culture of the red regime do not pay attention to the ethnic minorities do not respect.
bitter experience, after the destruction of 5.12 Beichuan, Yu hometown of Beichuan those in power, there should be some shame. the people's government, the people of the North River, you should apologize, then apologize, then accountability, not just training money things.
six voices telling Longmen Mountains
four thousand years, was born in the south central Longmen Mountains hinterland of the North River Rock Knob Yu, it is impossible to imagine, and now look like scars Longmen Mountains.
5.12, after the earthquake, according to aerial observation, after the Longmen Mountain, the Minjiang River Valley line, the green coverage of less than 20%. has been formed and sandy arid valley of Minjiang River corridor, after this great misfortune, is being accelerated degradation, will become the Chengdu Plain dust storm sources. Longmenshan three mines south of the starting point of the railway station Pengzhou Big Treasure, Gold River Shifang, Mianzhu Han Wang, the connection is the Longmen Shan fault zone of the surface toward the central line. in these industrial areas is also a historical earthquake-prone areas inside, and now has disembowelling, devastation, local industrial and mining losses. which have occurred in 1958, 6.2 earthquake in Shifang Gold River rock, the death of 225 people and injuring 157 people occurred in the year 1999 5.0 Hanwang Mianzhu devastating earthquake, and now there are three schools of the school collapse occurred only in the primary casualties more than 1,000 people. Long front of the fault zone and piedmont terraces, is rich in densely populated areas, the earthquake caused large-scale housing collapsed, causing a large number of casualties.
5.12 2473 China earthquake caused water damage to water facilities (including Sichuan, nearly 2000). Longmenshan earthquake damaged more than 1000 hydropower facilities, earthquake loss rate of 100%. Mianyang 825 reservoirs, earthquake damage 627 (76%), high-risk reservoirs 178 (28%), of which 38 are dangerous break; and neighboring Beichuan County, 187 Reservoir Jiangyou 100% damage, cracks, settlement , deformation, leakage dangers, including 19 with dam dangerous. Minjiang River valley, and more than 9 Minjiang River Zipingpu dam dangerous situation. According to observation, near the dam, most of the areas worst earthquake damage. Large dam collapsed near the mountain are often very serious, leading to more power stations were buried, resulting in heavy casualties water and electricity sector, a huge loss of property.
forces of nature ...
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